In the absence of new countries to replace China's declining aluminum demand, a high-profit era in the alumina business is expected.
Only the complete utilization of red mud (also known as "the worldwide problem"), which is expected to bring the next profit, can be expected in the case where the alumina manufacturing process has not been changed for decades.

The first thing you need to know about red mud

Alumina produces approximately 1.5 tons of red clay, which has a particle size of 0.088-0.25mm, a specific weight of 2.7-2.9 and a bulk density ranging between 0.8-1.0. The melting point is 1200-1250°C. Below is a table that shows the composition of red clay:

The Bayer method is used to produce the majority of alumina in China. The Bayer Method is characterized with high levels of iron, aluminium and alkali.

Second, the typical alumina case in the complete utilization of red clay

1. Chinalco Shandong Branch. The data available shows that in 2016, the red mud utilization rate was 25 percent. China's enterprises that produce alumina have a high utilization rate, with accumulated consumption exceeding 12 million mud. Henan Aluminium Industry Transformation and Growth Action Plan (2018-2010) clearly states that the comprehensive usage rate of red clay will reach 10% by 2020. No harm will come if there is no comparison. China's comprehensive utilization rate is too low. The main uses of mountain aluminum red clay are the development of new coal-burning de-sulfurizer technologies, high-grade concrete, highway subgrades and bricks.

2. Weiqiao Group, 2018: 20,000 tons of mud red were used to cover the roadbed on the Binzhou section Jiqing Expressway. According to estimates each kilometer of expressway could consume 200,000 tons red mud. Provincial highways could consume 60,000 tonnes red mud. Municipal roads could consume 20,000 tonnes red mud. Future market opportunities are wide for countries in China that have a lot of highway mileage.

Third, a case study of social forces utilizing red mud in a comprehensive manner

Shandong Satellite TV broadcasted a story on December 31st, 2018 about Zibo Tianzhirun Ecological Technology Co. Ltd. using large amounts of red dirt to produce permeable blocks (consumption 70,000 tons red dirt per year). The company's red-mud permeable brick was chosen as one of Shandong Province's top ten innovations for the circular economy in 2018. The boss of the firm invested more than $30 million. After Zui, only 2 houses had been studed.

This is not merely reminiscent of the fact the enterprises in Inner Mongolia have spent hundreds of billions of dollars trying to crack the production of alumina from fly ash and yet there hasn't been a breakthrough.

Fourth, comprehensive red mud usage recommendations

Red mud has been used for a longer time in the production and use of roadbeds. Each has its advantages and disadvantages. There is a nearby plant that produces cement, and roadbeds are consumed in large quantities. The future demand for permeable blocks is low in economically developed areas. Therefore, it's possible to promote the production of these bricks nationwide. The only disadvantage is the fact that it is more cost-effective to sell bricks within 800 km.

China's red mud alumina is generally used at a very low rate. Our utilization rate may not be as low as that of other countries, but we cannot compare ourselves to foreign countries. China's alumina has entered a new era, one of self-transcendence. We are now able to make full use of red mud. The company's alumina position will be reshaped by the profit margin.

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